English Tenses Overview — نظرة عامة على الأزمنة
الخلاصة السريعة: هناك 12 زمنًا أساسيًا: 4 للحاضر، 4 للماضي، 4 للمستقبل. تعلّم الصيغة + الكلمات الدالة + مثال قصير لكل زمن.
لماذا نتعلم الأزمنة؟
Tenses show when an action happens and whether it is complete or ongoing.
الأزمنة توضح متى يحدث الفعل وهل هو مكتمل أم مستمر.
جدول الأزمنة الـ 12 (Form + Signal + Example)
| الزمن | الصيغة (Form) | كلمات دالة (Signal) | Example (EN) ⇄ AR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | S + V(s) | always, usually, often, every day | She works every day. — هي تعمل كل يوم. |
| Present Continuous | S + am/is/are + V-ing | now, at the moment | I am studying now. — أنا أدرس الآن. |
| Present Perfect | S + have/has + V3 | already, yet, just, ever/never, since/for | They have finished. — لقد أنهوا. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | S + have/has been + V-ing | since, for, all day | She has been reading for two hours. — إنها تقرأ منذ ساعتين. |
| Past Simple | S + V2 / V+ed | yesterday, ago, last (week) | I visited Cairo last year. — زرت القاهرة العام الماضي. |
| Past Continuous | S + was/were + V-ing | while, when (interruption) | He was sleeping when I called. — كان نائمًا عندما اتصلت. |
| Past Perfect | S + had + V3 | by the time, before | She had left before noon. — كانت قد غادرت قبل الظهر. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | S + had been + V-ing | for, since, before | They had been waiting for an hour. — كانوا ينتظرون لساعة. |
| Future Simple (will) | S + will + V | tomorrow, soon, I think | I will call you tomorrow. — سأتصل بك غدًا. |
| Future Continuous | S + will be + V-ing | this time tomorrow | She will be traveling next week. — ستكون مسافرة الأسبوع القادم. |
| Future Perfect | S + will have + V3 | by (2026/5 pm) | We will have finished by 5. — سنكون قد انتهينا بحلول الخامسة. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | S + will have been + V-ing | for X by... | By June, I will have been working here for 3 years. — بحلول يونيو سأكون قد عملت هنا 3 سنوات. |
أمثلة مختصرة (EN ⇄ AR)
- I usually study at night. Present Simple
- أنا عادةً أدرس ليلاً.
- They are having lunch now. Present Continuous
- إنهم يتناولون الغداء الآن.
- She has finished her homework. Present Perfect
- لقد أنهت واجبها.
- We were watching TV when he arrived. Past Continuous
- كنّا نشاهد التلفاز عندما وصل.
- I will visit my friend tomorrow. Future Simple
- سأزور صديقي غدًا.
تمارين — اختر/أكمل
أ) اختر الزمن الصحيح
- Be quiet, I ___ (study / am studying) now.
- She usually ___ (go / goes) to work by bus.
- They ___ (have finished / finished) already.
- We ___ (were watching / watched) TV when the phone rang.
- He ___ (will call / calls) you tomorrow.
ب) أكمل بالصورة الصحيحة
- By 6 p.m., we ___ (finish) the report.
- This time tomorrow, she ___ (travel) to London.
- They ___ (learn) English since 2023.
- He ___ (sleep) when I knocked.
- I ___ (not/like) coffee, but I drink tea.
الإجابات
- am studying — الآن ⇒ مستمر
- goes — Present Simple مع she
- have finished — already ⇒ Present Perfect
- were watching — ماضي مستمر + when
- will call — مستقبل بسيط
- will have finished — by 6 ⇒ Future Perfect
- will be traveling — this time tomorrow ⇒ Future Continuous
- have been learning — since ⇒ Present Perfect Continuous
- was sleeping — ماضي مستمر عند المقاطعة
- don’t like — Present Simple (عادة)
أسئلة شائعة
Q: Do I need all 12 tenses now?
A: Start with the most common: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Future (will/going to).
س: هل أحتاج كل الأزمنة الآن؟
ج: ابدأ بالأكثر استخدامًا: المضارع البسيط، المضارع المستمر، الماضي البسيط، والمستقبل.