Parts of Speech in English: Rules, Examples & Exercises
English words are grouped into eight parts of speech. Each part has a job in the sentence.
تُنظَّم كلمات الإنجليزية في ثمانية أقسام (Parts of Speech)، ولكل قسم دور داخل الجملة.
The 8 Parts of Speech — Quick Map
Use this table as a cheat‑sheet.
استخدم الجدول التالي كمُلخّص سريع.
| Part | What it does | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | names a person/thing/idea | teacher, city, love |
| Pronoun | replaces a noun | I, you, he, her, it, ours, them |
| Verb | shows action/state | run, think, be, have |
| Adjective | describes a noun/pronoun | small, Egyptian, delicious |
| Adverb | modifies verb/adj/adv | quickly, very, here, yesterday |
| Preposition | links noun to the rest | at, on, in, to, with, for |
| Conjunction | joins words/clauses | and, but, because, although |
| Interjection | emotion/reaction | oh!, wow!, ouch! |
ترجمة الأقسام: اسم، ضمير، فعل، صفة، ظرف، حرف جر، أداة عطف، أداة تعجب.
Mini‑Guides & Patterns
1) Nouns (اسم)
- Countable (a dog, two books) vs Uncountable (water, advice). No plural for uncountables.
- أسماء قابلة للعد (a dog) مقابل غير قابلة للعد (water). لا جمع عادةً لغير القابل للعد.
- Plural spellings: -s, -es (buses), -ies (cities).
The students need advice. الطُلّاب يحتاجون إلى نصيحة.
2) Pronouns (ضمير)
| Type | Forms |
|---|---|
| Subject | I, you, he, she, it, we, they |
| Object | me, you, him, her, it, us, them |
| Possessive adj. | my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
| Possessive pron. | mine, yours, his, hers, its*, ours, theirs |
| Reflexive | myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves |
This is my book. It is mine. هذا كتابي. إنه لي.
3) Verbs (فعل)
- Main verbs (do, make) and auxiliaries: be, do, have.
- Base – Past – Past Participle: go–went–gone; see–saw–seen.
- الأفعال هنا إمّا رئيسية أو مساعدة. انتبه للأشكال الماضية.
She is a doctor. She works at a hospital. إنها طبيبة وتعمل في مستشفى.
4) Adjectives (صفة)
- Place before the noun: a small car. After linking verbs: The car is small.
- Comparatives: tall → taller, beautiful → more beautiful; Superlatives: tallest, most beautiful.
- الصفة قبل الاسم أو بعد أفعال الربط (be, seem, feel…).
5) Adverbs (ظرف)
- Often end with -ly: quickly, carefully. Not always: fast, hard, well.
- Position: usually before adjectives/adverbs (very cold), or after the verb (drive slowly).
- بعض الظروف لا تأخذ -ly: fast, hard, well.
He drives carefully. It is very cold today. يقود بحذر. الجو بارد جدًا.
6) Prepositions (حرف جر)
- Time: at 7:00, on Monday, in July.
- Place: at the door, on the table, in the box.
- في الزمن: at/ on/ in — وفي المكان: at/ on/ in.
7) Conjunctions (أداة ربط)
- Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
- Subordinating: because, if, when, although, while…
- تربط الكلمات أو الجمل: and, but, because…
I stayed home because it was raining. بقيت في المنزل لأن الجو كان ممطرًا.
8) Interjections (أداة تعجب)
Short emotional words: Wow! Oh no! Uh‑oh! Use in informal tone.
كلمات قصيرة للتعبير عن المشاعر: !Wow — !Oh no — !Uh‑oh
Common Mistakes
- Adjective vs Adverb: ✗ He runs quick → ✓ He runs quickly. (But: fast is okay.)
- Possessive vs Plural: ✗ the student"s → ✓ the students / the student's (one) / the students' (many).
- Prepositions: ✗ in Monday → ✓ on Monday; ✗ at the car → ✓ in the car.
- التمييز بين الملكية والجمع، وبين الصفة والظرف، وحروف الجر الصحيحة.
Exercises
- Identify the part of speech of the underlined word:
- A) The children are playing outside.
- B) She sings beautifully.
- C) I can't go out because I'm busy.
- Choose the correct option:
- He is a very (quiet / quietly) person.
- They arrived (late / lately).
- Fill in with a suitable preposition: at / on / in
- _____ 2019 • _____ Tuesday • _____ 7:30
- ترجم مع تحديد القسم: smart, carefully, between.
Show Answers
- A) Noun • B) Adverb • C) Conjunction
- quiet (adjective); late (adverb)
- in 2019 • on Tuesday • at 7:30
- smart = صفة (adjective) • carefully = ظرف (adverb) • between = حرف جر (preposition)